24個解決實際問題的ES6代碼片段(小結)
時間:2020-02-03來源:系統城作者:電腦系統城
這是從30 seconds of code中挑出來的非常有用的一些代碼片段,這是一個非常棒的項目,大家可以去github上去搜索一下,給個star。
在本文中,我試圖根據它們的實際用途對它們進行分類,回答您在項目中可能遇到的常見問題:
1.如何隱藏指定的所有元素?
- const hide = (...el) => [...el].forEach(e => (e.style.display = 'none'));
-
- // Example
- hide(document.querySelectorAll('img')); // Hides all <img> elements on the page
-
2.如何檢查元素是否具有指定的類?
- const hasClass = (el, className) => el.classList.contains(className);
-
- // Example
- hasClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special'); // true
-
3.如何為元素切換類?
- const toggleClass = (el, className) => el.classList.toggle(className);
-
- // Example
- toggleClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special');
- // The paragraph will not have the 'special' class anymore
-
這里使用了classList.toggle()方法
- toggle( String [, force] )
當只有一個參數時:切換類值;也就是說,即如果類值存在,則刪除它并返回 false,如果不存在,則添加它并返回 true。
當存在第二個參數時:若第二個參數的執行結果為 true,則添加指定的類值,若執行結果為 false,則刪除它。
4.如何獲取當前頁面的滾動位置?
- const getScrollPosition = (el = window) => ({
- x: el.pageXOffset !== undefined ? el.pageXOffset : el.scrollLeft,
- y: el.pageYOffset !== undefined ? el.pageYOffset : el.scrollTop
- });
-
- // Example
- getScrollPosition(); // {x: 0, y: 200}
-
5.如何平滑滾動到頁面頂部?
- const scrollToTop = () => {
- const c = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
- if (c > 0) {
- window.requestAnimationFrame(scrollToTop);
- window.scrollTo(0, c - c / 8);
- }
- };
-
- // Example
- scrollToTop();
-
遞歸的方法不斷調用使用scrollToTop(),requestAnimationFrame方法告訴瀏覽器——你希望執行一個動畫,并且要求瀏覽器在下次重繪之前調用指定的回調函數更新動畫。它的回調函數執行次數通常與瀏覽器屏幕刷新次數相匹配,所以效果會比較平滑。
獲取當前頁面滾動條縱坐標的位置:document.body.scrollTop與document.documentElement.scrollTop
獲取當前頁面滾動條橫坐標的位置:document.body.scrollLeft與document.documentElement.scrollLeft
6.如何檢查父元素是否包含子元素?
- const elementContains = (parent, child) => parent !== child && parent.contains(child);
-
- // Examples
- elementContains(document.querySelector('head'), document.querySelector('title'));
- // true
- elementContains(document.querySelector('body'), document.querySelector('body')); // false
-
7.如何檢查指定的元素在視口中是否可見?
- const elementIsVisibleInViewport = (el, partiallyVisible = false) => {
- const { top, left, bottom, right } = el.getBoundingClientRect();
- const { innerHeight, innerWidth } = window;
- return partiallyVisible
- ? ((top > 0 && top < innerHeight) || (bottom > 0 && bottom < innerHeight)) &&
- ((left > 0 && left < innerWidth) || (right > 0 && right < innerWidth))
- : top >= 0 && left >= 0 && bottom <= innerHeight && right <= innerWidth;
- };
-
- // Examples
- elementIsVisibleInViewport(el); // (not fully visible)
- elementIsVisibleInViewport(el, true); // (partially visible)
-
傳入partiallyVisible參數,區分判斷是是部分可見還是全部可見。
Element.getBoundingClientRect()方法返回元素的大小及其相對于視口的位置。
8.如何獲取元素中的所有圖像?
- const getImages = (el, includeDuplicates = false) => {
- const images = [...el.getElementsByTagName('img')].map(img => img.getAttribute('src'));
- return includeDuplicates ? images : [...new Set(images)];
- };
-
- // Examples
- getImages(document, true); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', 'image1.png', '...']
- getImages(document, false); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', '...']
-
9.如何確定設備是移動設備還是臺式機/筆記本電腦?
- const detectDeviceType = () =>
- /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)
- ? 'Mobile'
- : 'Desktop';
-
- // Example
- detectDeviceType(); // "Mobile" or "Desktop"
-
10.如何獲取當前URL
- const currentURL = () => window.location.href;
-
- // Example
- currentURL(); // 'https://google.com'
-
11.如何創建包含當前URL參數的對象?
- const getURLParameters = url =>
- (url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || []).reduce(
- (a, v) => ((a[v.slice(0, v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1)), a),
- {}
- );
-
- // Examples
- getURLParameters('http://url.com/page?n=Adam&s=Smith'); // {n: 'Adam', s: 'Smith'}
- getURLParameters('google.com'); // {}
-
12.如何將一組表單元素編碼為對象?
- const formToObject = form =>
- Array.from(new FormData(form)).reduce(
- (acc, [key, value]) => ({
- ...acc,
- [key]: value
- }),
- {}
- );
-
- // Example
- formToObject(document.querySelector('#form')); // { email: 'test@email.com', name: 'Test Name' }
-
Array.from方法用于將兩類對象轉為真正的數組。類似數組的對象(array-like object)和可遍歷(iterable)的對象(包括 ES6 新增的數據結構 Set 和 Map)。
reducer 函數接收4個參數:
- Accumulator (acc) (累計器)
- Current Value (cur) (當前值)
- Current Index (idx) (當前索引)
- Source Array (src) (源數組)
13.如何從對象中檢索出給定的一組屬性?
- const get = (from, ...selectors) =>
- [...selectors].map(s =>
- s
- .replace(/\[([^\[\]]*)\]/g, '.$1.')
- .split('.')
- .filter(t => t !== '')
- .reduce((prev, cur) => prev && prev[cur], from)
- );
- const obj = { selector: { to: { val: 'val to select' } }, target: [1, 2, { a: 'test' }] };
-
- // Example
- get(obj, 'selector.to.val', 'target[0]', 'target[2].a'); // ['val to select', 1, 'test']
-
14.延遲調用提供的函數(以毫秒為單位)
- const delay = (fn, wait, ...args) => setTimeout(fn, wait, ...args);
- delay(
- function(text) {
- console.log(text);
- },
- 1000,
- 'later'
- );
-
- // Logs 'later' after one second.
-
15.如何在給定元素上觸發特定事件,并可選地傳遞自定義數據?
- const triggerEvent = (el, eventType, detail) =>
- el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventType, { detail }));
-
- // Examples
- triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click');
- triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click', { username: 'bob' });
-
構造方法 CustomerEvent() 創建一個新的 CustomEvent 對象。
CustomEvent 事件是由程序創建的,可以有任意自定義功能的事件。
16.如何從元素中移除事件偵聽器?
- const off = (el, evt, fn, opts = false) => el.removeEventListener(evt, fn, opts);
-
- const fn = () => console.log('!');
- document.body.addEventListener('click', fn);
- off(document.body, 'click', fn); // no longer logs '!' upon clicking on the page
-
17.將給定的毫秒數轉換為可讀格式
- const formatDuration = ms => {
- if (ms < 0) ms = -ms;
- const time = {
- day: Math.floor(ms / 86400000),
- hour: Math.floor(ms / 3600000) % 24,
- minute: Math.floor(ms / 60000) % 60,
- second: Math.floor(ms / 1000) % 60,
- millisecond: Math.floor(ms) % 1000
- };
- return Object.entries(time)
- .filter(val => val[1] !== 0)
- .map(([key, val]) => `${val} ${key}${val !== 1 ? 's' : ''}`)
- .join(', ');
- };
-
- // Examples
- formatDuration(1001); // '1 second, 1 millisecond'
- formatDuration(34325055574); // '397 days, 6 hours, 44 minutes, 15 seconds, 574 milliseconds'
-
18.如何得到兩個日期之間的差異(以天為單位)
- const getDaysDiffBetweenDates = (dateInitial, dateFinal) =>
- (dateFinal - dateInitial) / (1000 * 3600 * 24);
-
- // Example
- getDaysDiffBetweenDates(new Date('2017-12-13'), new Date('2017-12-22')); // 9
-
19.如何對傳遞的URL發出GET請求
- const httpGet = (url, callback, err = console.error) => {
- const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
- request.open('GET', url, true);
- request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
- request.onerror = () => err(request);
- request.send();
- };
-
- httpGet(
- 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1',
- console.log
- );
-
- // Logs: {"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "sample title", "body": "my text"}
-
20.如何對傳遞的URL發出POST請求?
- const httpPost = (url, data, callback, err = console.error) => {
- const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
- request.open('POST', url, true);
- request.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
- request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
- request.onerror = () => err(request);
- request.send(data);
- };
-
- const newPost = {
- userId: 1,
- id: 1337,
- title: 'Foo',
- body: 'bar bar bar'
- };
- const data = JSON.stringify(newPost);
- httpPost(
- 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts',
- data,
- console.log
- );
-
- // Logs: {"userId": 1, "id": 1337, "title": "Foo", "body": "bar bar bar"}
21. 如何為指定的選擇器創建具有指定范圍、步驟和持續時間的計數器?
- const counter = (selector, start, end, step = 1, duration = 2000) => {
- let current = start,
- _step = (end - start) * step < 0 ? -step : step,
- timer = setInterval(() => {
- current += _step;
- document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = current;
- if (current >= end) document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = end;
- if (current >= end) clearInterval(timer);
- }, Math.abs(Math.floor(duration / (end - start))));
- return timer;
- };
-
- // Example
- counter('#my-id', 1, 1000, 5, 2000); // Creates a 2-second timer for the element with id="my-id"
-
22.如何將字符串復制到剪貼板
- const copyToClipboard = str => {
- const el = document.createElement('textarea');
- el.value = str;
- el.setAttribute('readonly', '');
- el.style.position = 'absolute';
- el.style.left = '-9999px';
- document.body.appendChild(el);
- const selected =
- document.getSelection().rangeCount > 0 ? document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0) : false;
- el.select();
- document.execCommand('copy');
- document.body.removeChild(el);
- if (selected) {
- document.getSelection().removeAllRanges();
- document.getSelection().addRange(selected);
- }
- };
-
- // Example
- copyToClipboard('Lorem ipsum'); // 'Lorem ipsum' copied to clipboard.
-
document.getSelection()返回一個 Selection 對象,表示用戶選擇的文本范圍或光標的當前位置。
23.判斷頁面的瀏覽器選項卡是否聚焦
- const isBrowserTabFocused = () => !document.hidden;
-
- // Example
- isBrowserTabFocused(); // true
-
24.如果不存在目錄,則如何創建
- const fs = require('fs');
- const createDirIfNotExists = dir => (!fs.existsSync(dir) ? fs.mkdirSync(dir) : undefined);
-
- // Example
- createDirIfNotExists('test'); // creates the directory
-
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持我們。
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